What is Truth?
During Jesus' earthly ministry He made a very unique claim when He stated, "I am the truth". He did not claim to have the truth or to bring a message of truth like many did before him, rather He claimed to be the truth incarnated. This is a very powerful declaration. Due largely to the rise of post-modernism and mystical eastern religions, there is much confusion today on the matter of truth, what it is and how to identify it. Though many Christians seem to have a good grasp on this question, some have a hard time articulating a good response or setting forth a good argument in favor of absolute truth. While the idea that truth is relative is popular among Hollywood liberals and college professors, the philosophical disciplines have taken up the challenge and found it wanting, primarily because truth is so undeniable that to deny it, is truly to affirm it. Furthermore, no one could possibly get out of bed in the morning without acknowledging that some truths do exist in our everyday life. Let's begin with a list of what the Bible has to say about truth found in Baker's Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology.
The problem here in America is vast, as many today believe truth is subjective, the individual world of preference and beliefs. Others believe truth is collective, the product of cultural consensus. Others flatly deny the concept of truth altogether. Some religions teach that all we see is an illusion with reality only attainable through enlightenment, while others only believe in scientific or mathematical truths. This poses a grave problem for the evangelist because as persuasive as you may be, at the end you might find the skeptic saying that your view is true, but only for you and not others. In addition, if truth is relative then sin is relative and only wrong for some and not others, and therefore repentance is subjective. Finally, if truth is relative, then Jesus and his teachings are no different than Osama Bin Laden and his teachings.
Defining Truth
Over the centuries, philosophers have offered up many theories and definitions for the concept of truth. In our course Introduction to Apologetics, we discuss three universally accepted theories which cover every possible truth claim. Here lets discuss just one which is the most accepted. It's called Correspondence Theory of Truth and though it dates back to Plato, it's still the most widely used definition. Correspondence Theory states that truth is that which corresponds to reality. A statement of truth or falsity is determined by how it relates to the world and whether it accurately describes the world we experience. The true statement must correspond to the world we experience. The statement, "there is a cat in the car" can be true or false. If we look in the car and there is a cat in it, then it corresponds to reality and the statement is true. Likewise, we can conclude that the statement is false if there is no cat in the car. While this definition has holes in it, primarily abstract concepts, it should get the evangelist through almost every conversation on the subject. Once again; truth is that which corresponds to reality. It is the agreement of our mind with what we experience in the real world.
The formal study of truth or knowledge is called Epistemology which is generally a philosophical discipline. There are many methods of acquiring truth. Below is a list of some of the methods for acquiring truth.
With the exception of revelation from God, all have their weaknesses. In the 16th century it did not seem logical that the earth was round and spinning because after all, we are not falling off. Scientific theories have come and gone, some gaining universal acceptance before they are later dismissed. Experience could be a good source of truth, yet far from perfect. We could climb an unstable ladder a hundred times only to find out that on one given day, the ladder gives out. Only truth as it is given by God is certain, all the others have their flaws, though they can produce truth when properly pursued.
Laws of Logic
Most people will accept logical truths when they are evident and undeniable, simply because when tend to use logic in our everyday life. Therefore, as we try to move closer to this idea of absolute truth, let's consider two important laws of logic.
Law of Internal Consistency – A statement must be coherent and lacking in self-contradictions. Example: Morality is just an opinion and therefore it’s wrong to impose our opinion on other people. This statement fails the Law of Internal Consistency because this person states that it is wrong to impose an opinion, all the while they are imposing their opinion. Example: Nobody goes there anymore because it's too crowded. Well if it's too crowded then people actually go there. Both these statements fail the Law of Internal Consistency because they have contradictions contained in them. We will look at more statements later.
Law of Non-contradiction – No two statements can be in contradiction and both be equally true. "A" cannot be non-"A" at the same time. Contradiction occurs when one statement on a subject excludes the possibility of another. Example: In the Quran, Surah 19:67, it states that man was created out of nothing. In 15:26, man is created from clay. Since clay is something, we have a contradiction since "nothing" excludes the possibility of "clay." Both cannot be true. If one claims that the room is blue and another claims there is nothing blue in the room, both statements cannot be true. When you have two contradictory statements, perhaps both are false, but both cannot be true. Now if I said John's shirt is blue and another person said it is green, would this be a contradiction? No, because John's shirt could have blue and green stripes. One does not exclude the other. A contradictory statement would be one person saying John's shirt is blue and the other saying there is no blue on John's shirt. These exclude each other and could not be reconciled. If I said my wife is pregnant and she said she is not pregnant, this is a contradiction because one excludes the other. The Law of Non-contradiction cannot be denied and is one of the greatest tools we have for exposing falsehoods.
St. Augustine of Hippo on God and Truth
St. Augustine spilled a lot of ink sorting through the issue of truth as it relates to God and the Bible. He states several undeniable facts and later demonstrates the unity between truth and God.
Truth exists - It is self-defeating to deny the existence of truth. If someone claims that “Truth does not exist,” then we can counter by asking if the claim is True or False. If the claim is False, then truth exists (because the statement false). If the claim is True, then truth exists because the claim is false, (seeing that truth does actually exist). Therefore the statement "truth does not exists" is self defeating, because if the statement is false, then truth exists, and if the statement is true then truth exists.
Truth is unchangeable - It is impossible for truth to change. What is true today always has been and always will be true. All true propositions are immutable truths. Example: On September 11, 2001 the World Trade Center was attacked. This will still be true 1,000 years from now. Stealing is wrong. This will be true 1,000 years from now.
Truth is eternal - By extension of its unchangeable nature, truth must be eternal. Even if every created thing ceases to exist, Truth will continue to exist. But suppose someone asks, “What if truth itself should someday perish?” Then the truth that “Truth has perished” would still exist eternally. Any denial of the eternity of truth turns out to be an affirmation of its eternity.
Truth is spiritual - The existence of truth presupposes the existence of minds. Without a mind, truth could not exist. The object of knowledge is a meaningful thought which resides in one or more minds. The statement “sunrises are beautiful” is a truth that must come from a mind to exist. E=MC^2 is an absolute truth that requires a mind to exist. Murder is wrong, is an absolute truth that requires a mind to exist.
Truth is not the function of matter – the concept of truth is incompatible with the materialist (atheists) view which states that all thinking is the result of moving particles. One set of moving particles cannot be truer than another. If there is no mind, there is no truth, and if no truth, materialism is not true.
Conclusion - God Exists, God is Unchangeable, God is Eternal, God is Spiritual, God is not a function of Space, Time or Matter. These attributes apply equally to truth and God, and only to truth and God. Truth and God share the same attributes. The Old Testament refers to the Almighty as the “God of truth” (Deut. 32:4; Ps. 31:5; Is. 65:16). I am the way the truth and the life; no one comes to the Father except through me (John 14:6). When Jesus said I am the truth, He was affirming that He is in fact God. For the Lord is good; His mercy is everlasting, And His truth endures to all generations (Psalm 100:5). Paul, a bondservant of God and an apostle of Jesus Christ, according to the faith of God’s elect and the acknowledgment of the truth which accords with godliness, in hope of eternal life which God, who cannot lie, promised before time began (Titus 1:1-2). These scriptures, like so many demonstrate the unity between God and truth. They are inseparable.
Subjective Opinions, Facts and Objective Absolute Truth
It is important when having conversations about truth that the Christian be able to distinguish between an opinion, a fact and a statement of truth. A subjective opinion is a person’s preference. “Pizza is good”, is not a truth statement but an opinion. Opinions will not tend to ever contradict other similar opinions. If I say, “Pizza is good” and my wife says, “Pizza is bad”, there is no conflict because we are different people with different preferences. A factual statement will by nature be true. “There is milk in the refrigerator” is a factual statement. If I say, “There is milk in the refrigerator” and my wife says, “There is no milk in the refrigerator”, there is a conflict. Both cannot be true. Absolute truth is objective. It never changes. God is love or 2 + 2 = 4 are realities in the external world that cannot be changed. They are discovered, not created.
Now let's move the same statement from an opinion to a statement of truth. Opinion statement - “The main doors at Westminster Church are directly in front of you.” This is an opinion because it is based on your reference point or your position in the church building. Statement of fact - “When you are standing behind the pulpit the main doors at Westminster Church are directly in front of you.” This is a statement of fact at a given moment in time. It's not an absolute truth because the pulpit can move some time in the future. Statement of absolute truth - “On September 24, 2016 when you are standing behind the pulpit, the main doors at Westminster Church are directly in front of you”. This statement is still true 100 or 1,000 years from now. This exercise is important because when having these conversations, we must be able to distinguish between an opinion and a statement of truth.
All Truth is God’s Truth
When we assert that Christian revelation is true, we aren’t saying that all non-Christian religions are wholly false. This is the impression that Christians often give, and pluralist arguments wrongly imply this as well. The Christian doesn’t claim exclusive possession of truth, because all truth is God’s truth. As the Scottish writer and pastor George MacDonald rightly remarked, “Truth is truth, whether from the lips of Jesus or Balaam.” The Christian is to affirm truth and virtue wherever they are found. But the Christian maintains that God’s revelation in Jesus is true and that other religious systems are wrong where they contradict Christian revelation. Paul Copan, True For You, But Not For Me
Objections to Absolute Truth
All non-correspondence views of truth imply correspondence, even as they attempt to deny it. The claim: "Truth does not correspond with what is" implies that this view corresponds to reality. Then the non-correspondence view cannot express itself without using a correspondence frame of reference. If one's factual statements need not correspond to the facts in order to be true, then any factually incorrect statement is acceptable. It becomes impossible to lie. Any statement is compatible with any given state of affairs. Norman L. Geisler, Thomas Aquinas: An Evangelical Appraisal
Another objection is that many things are comparative - like relative sizes such as shorter and taller. As such they cannot be absolute truths, since they change depending on the object to which they relate. For example, some people are good compared to Hitler, but evil as compared to Mother Teresa. Contrary to the claim of relativists, in-between things do not prove absolutism. For the facts that "John is short in relation to an NBA player," and "John is tall compared to a jockey" are absolutely true for all times and all people. John is in-between in size, and it depends on which one to whom he is compared whether he is shorter or taller. Nonetheless, it is absolutely true that John (being five feet ten inches) is short compared to most basketball players and tall compared to the majority of jockeys. The same thing is true of other in-between things, such as, warmer or colder, and better or worse - Allan David Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind: How Higher Education Has Failed Democracy and Impoverished the Souls of Today's Students
There are many more things of which I am not absolutely certain. But even here the relativist is misguided in rejecting absolute truth simply because we lack absolute evidence that some things are true. The truth can be absolute no matter what our grounds for believing it. For example, if it is true that Sydney, Australia is on the Pacific Ocean, then it is absolutely true no matter what my evidence or lack of evidence may be. An absolute truth is absolutely true in itself, no matter what evidence there is. Evidence, or the lack thereof, does not change a fact. And truth is what corresponds to the facts. - Anselm, Truth, Freedom, and Evil; Three Philosophical Dialogues
It is also objected that knowledge of truth is not absolute, since we grow in truth. What is true today may be false tomorrow. The progress of science is proof that truth is constantly changing. This objection fails to note that it is not the truth that is changing but our understanding of it. When science truly progresses, it does not move from an old truth to a new truth, but from error to truth. - Augustine, Against the Academics
Non-Christians often claim that Christians are narrow-minded, because they claim that Christianity is true and all non-Christian systems are false. However, the same is true of non-Christians who claim that what they view as truth is true, and all opposing beliefs are false. That is equally narrow. The fact of the matter is that if C (Christianity) is true, then it follows that all non-C is false. Likewise, if H (say, Humanism) is true, then all non-H is false. Both views are equally narrow. That's the way truth is. Each truth claim excludes contradictory truth claims. Christianity is no more narrow than is any other set of beliefs, whether atheism, agnosticism, skepticism, or pantheism - Norman L. Geisler and Winfried Corduan, Philosophy of Religion
Truth, by nature, is:
The best possible definition for truth can be stated as such: Truth is that which is consistent with the mind of God.
Articles
The Truth About Truth Frank Terek
Can Something Be True For You and Not For Me Paul Copans
How do We Know Epistemology Apologetics Resource Center
- The truth guides us (Genesis 24:48).
- We can access the truth. The blameless one speaks truth from the heart (Psalm 15:2).
- Truth is not just head knowledge. Behold, You desire truth in the inward parts, and in the hidden part (Psalm 51:6).
- Truth can be cut off by God. He will repay my enemies for their evil. Cut them off in Your truth (Psalm 54:5).
- Truth is a shield (Psalm 91:4).
- Truth is given by God. God shall send forth His mercy and His truth (Psalm 57:3).
- The Bible is True. The entirety of Your word is truth, And every one of Your righteous judgments endures forever (Psalm 119:160).
- Jesus is full of grace and truth (John 1:14), and is the source of grace and truth (John 1:17).
- The ministry of John the Baptist is to bear witness to the truth (John 5:33).
- The Holy Spirit is the Spirit of truth (John 14:17).
- You can suppress the truth (Rom 1:18) and exchange it (Romans 1:25) for a lie.
- God desires all men to come to the knowledge of the truth (1 Tim 2:4).
- Paul further encourages Timothy to guard the truth, which the Holy Spirit has entrusted to him (2 Tim 1:14).
- The Scriptures are themselves the word of truth (2 Tim 2:15).
- Individuals who oppose God and naively listen to others never arrive at the truth and in fact, actually oppose it (2 Tim 3:7-8).
- To claim sinlessness for the believer is to practice self-deceit and thus be void of truth (1 John 1:8).
- The wicked do not speak truth (Psalm 5:9).
The problem here in America is vast, as many today believe truth is subjective, the individual world of preference and beliefs. Others believe truth is collective, the product of cultural consensus. Others flatly deny the concept of truth altogether. Some religions teach that all we see is an illusion with reality only attainable through enlightenment, while others only believe in scientific or mathematical truths. This poses a grave problem for the evangelist because as persuasive as you may be, at the end you might find the skeptic saying that your view is true, but only for you and not others. In addition, if truth is relative then sin is relative and only wrong for some and not others, and therefore repentance is subjective. Finally, if truth is relative, then Jesus and his teachings are no different than Osama Bin Laden and his teachings.
Defining Truth
Over the centuries, philosophers have offered up many theories and definitions for the concept of truth. In our course Introduction to Apologetics, we discuss three universally accepted theories which cover every possible truth claim. Here lets discuss just one which is the most accepted. It's called Correspondence Theory of Truth and though it dates back to Plato, it's still the most widely used definition. Correspondence Theory states that truth is that which corresponds to reality. A statement of truth or falsity is determined by how it relates to the world and whether it accurately describes the world we experience. The true statement must correspond to the world we experience. The statement, "there is a cat in the car" can be true or false. If we look in the car and there is a cat in it, then it corresponds to reality and the statement is true. Likewise, we can conclude that the statement is false if there is no cat in the car. While this definition has holes in it, primarily abstract concepts, it should get the evangelist through almost every conversation on the subject. Once again; truth is that which corresponds to reality. It is the agreement of our mind with what we experience in the real world.
The formal study of truth or knowledge is called Epistemology which is generally a philosophical discipline. There are many methods of acquiring truth. Below is a list of some of the methods for acquiring truth.
- Revelation
- Logic
- Existential
- Scientific
- Philosophical
- Experience
With the exception of revelation from God, all have their weaknesses. In the 16th century it did not seem logical that the earth was round and spinning because after all, we are not falling off. Scientific theories have come and gone, some gaining universal acceptance before they are later dismissed. Experience could be a good source of truth, yet far from perfect. We could climb an unstable ladder a hundred times only to find out that on one given day, the ladder gives out. Only truth as it is given by God is certain, all the others have their flaws, though they can produce truth when properly pursued.
Laws of Logic
Most people will accept logical truths when they are evident and undeniable, simply because when tend to use logic in our everyday life. Therefore, as we try to move closer to this idea of absolute truth, let's consider two important laws of logic.
Law of Internal Consistency – A statement must be coherent and lacking in self-contradictions. Example: Morality is just an opinion and therefore it’s wrong to impose our opinion on other people. This statement fails the Law of Internal Consistency because this person states that it is wrong to impose an opinion, all the while they are imposing their opinion. Example: Nobody goes there anymore because it's too crowded. Well if it's too crowded then people actually go there. Both these statements fail the Law of Internal Consistency because they have contradictions contained in them. We will look at more statements later.
Law of Non-contradiction – No two statements can be in contradiction and both be equally true. "A" cannot be non-"A" at the same time. Contradiction occurs when one statement on a subject excludes the possibility of another. Example: In the Quran, Surah 19:67, it states that man was created out of nothing. In 15:26, man is created from clay. Since clay is something, we have a contradiction since "nothing" excludes the possibility of "clay." Both cannot be true. If one claims that the room is blue and another claims there is nothing blue in the room, both statements cannot be true. When you have two contradictory statements, perhaps both are false, but both cannot be true. Now if I said John's shirt is blue and another person said it is green, would this be a contradiction? No, because John's shirt could have blue and green stripes. One does not exclude the other. A contradictory statement would be one person saying John's shirt is blue and the other saying there is no blue on John's shirt. These exclude each other and could not be reconciled. If I said my wife is pregnant and she said she is not pregnant, this is a contradiction because one excludes the other. The Law of Non-contradiction cannot be denied and is one of the greatest tools we have for exposing falsehoods.
St. Augustine of Hippo on God and Truth
St. Augustine spilled a lot of ink sorting through the issue of truth as it relates to God and the Bible. He states several undeniable facts and later demonstrates the unity between truth and God.
Truth exists - It is self-defeating to deny the existence of truth. If someone claims that “Truth does not exist,” then we can counter by asking if the claim is True or False. If the claim is False, then truth exists (because the statement false). If the claim is True, then truth exists because the claim is false, (seeing that truth does actually exist). Therefore the statement "truth does not exists" is self defeating, because if the statement is false, then truth exists, and if the statement is true then truth exists.
Truth is unchangeable - It is impossible for truth to change. What is true today always has been and always will be true. All true propositions are immutable truths. Example: On September 11, 2001 the World Trade Center was attacked. This will still be true 1,000 years from now. Stealing is wrong. This will be true 1,000 years from now.
Truth is eternal - By extension of its unchangeable nature, truth must be eternal. Even if every created thing ceases to exist, Truth will continue to exist. But suppose someone asks, “What if truth itself should someday perish?” Then the truth that “Truth has perished” would still exist eternally. Any denial of the eternity of truth turns out to be an affirmation of its eternity.
Truth is spiritual - The existence of truth presupposes the existence of minds. Without a mind, truth could not exist. The object of knowledge is a meaningful thought which resides in one or more minds. The statement “sunrises are beautiful” is a truth that must come from a mind to exist. E=MC^2 is an absolute truth that requires a mind to exist. Murder is wrong, is an absolute truth that requires a mind to exist.
Truth is not the function of matter – the concept of truth is incompatible with the materialist (atheists) view which states that all thinking is the result of moving particles. One set of moving particles cannot be truer than another. If there is no mind, there is no truth, and if no truth, materialism is not true.
Conclusion - God Exists, God is Unchangeable, God is Eternal, God is Spiritual, God is not a function of Space, Time or Matter. These attributes apply equally to truth and God, and only to truth and God. Truth and God share the same attributes. The Old Testament refers to the Almighty as the “God of truth” (Deut. 32:4; Ps. 31:5; Is. 65:16). I am the way the truth and the life; no one comes to the Father except through me (John 14:6). When Jesus said I am the truth, He was affirming that He is in fact God. For the Lord is good; His mercy is everlasting, And His truth endures to all generations (Psalm 100:5). Paul, a bondservant of God and an apostle of Jesus Christ, according to the faith of God’s elect and the acknowledgment of the truth which accords with godliness, in hope of eternal life which God, who cannot lie, promised before time began (Titus 1:1-2). These scriptures, like so many demonstrate the unity between God and truth. They are inseparable.
Subjective Opinions, Facts and Objective Absolute Truth
It is important when having conversations about truth that the Christian be able to distinguish between an opinion, a fact and a statement of truth. A subjective opinion is a person’s preference. “Pizza is good”, is not a truth statement but an opinion. Opinions will not tend to ever contradict other similar opinions. If I say, “Pizza is good” and my wife says, “Pizza is bad”, there is no conflict because we are different people with different preferences. A factual statement will by nature be true. “There is milk in the refrigerator” is a factual statement. If I say, “There is milk in the refrigerator” and my wife says, “There is no milk in the refrigerator”, there is a conflict. Both cannot be true. Absolute truth is objective. It never changes. God is love or 2 + 2 = 4 are realities in the external world that cannot be changed. They are discovered, not created.
Now let's move the same statement from an opinion to a statement of truth. Opinion statement - “The main doors at Westminster Church are directly in front of you.” This is an opinion because it is based on your reference point or your position in the church building. Statement of fact - “When you are standing behind the pulpit the main doors at Westminster Church are directly in front of you.” This is a statement of fact at a given moment in time. It's not an absolute truth because the pulpit can move some time in the future. Statement of absolute truth - “On September 24, 2016 when you are standing behind the pulpit, the main doors at Westminster Church are directly in front of you”. This statement is still true 100 or 1,000 years from now. This exercise is important because when having these conversations, we must be able to distinguish between an opinion and a statement of truth.
All Truth is God’s Truth
When we assert that Christian revelation is true, we aren’t saying that all non-Christian religions are wholly false. This is the impression that Christians often give, and pluralist arguments wrongly imply this as well. The Christian doesn’t claim exclusive possession of truth, because all truth is God’s truth. As the Scottish writer and pastor George MacDonald rightly remarked, “Truth is truth, whether from the lips of Jesus or Balaam.” The Christian is to affirm truth and virtue wherever they are found. But the Christian maintains that God’s revelation in Jesus is true and that other religious systems are wrong where they contradict Christian revelation. Paul Copan, True For You, But Not For Me
Objections to Absolute Truth
All non-correspondence views of truth imply correspondence, even as they attempt to deny it. The claim: "Truth does not correspond with what is" implies that this view corresponds to reality. Then the non-correspondence view cannot express itself without using a correspondence frame of reference. If one's factual statements need not correspond to the facts in order to be true, then any factually incorrect statement is acceptable. It becomes impossible to lie. Any statement is compatible with any given state of affairs. Norman L. Geisler, Thomas Aquinas: An Evangelical Appraisal
Another objection is that many things are comparative - like relative sizes such as shorter and taller. As such they cannot be absolute truths, since they change depending on the object to which they relate. For example, some people are good compared to Hitler, but evil as compared to Mother Teresa. Contrary to the claim of relativists, in-between things do not prove absolutism. For the facts that "John is short in relation to an NBA player," and "John is tall compared to a jockey" are absolutely true for all times and all people. John is in-between in size, and it depends on which one to whom he is compared whether he is shorter or taller. Nonetheless, it is absolutely true that John (being five feet ten inches) is short compared to most basketball players and tall compared to the majority of jockeys. The same thing is true of other in-between things, such as, warmer or colder, and better or worse - Allan David Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind: How Higher Education Has Failed Democracy and Impoverished the Souls of Today's Students
There are many more things of which I am not absolutely certain. But even here the relativist is misguided in rejecting absolute truth simply because we lack absolute evidence that some things are true. The truth can be absolute no matter what our grounds for believing it. For example, if it is true that Sydney, Australia is on the Pacific Ocean, then it is absolutely true no matter what my evidence or lack of evidence may be. An absolute truth is absolutely true in itself, no matter what evidence there is. Evidence, or the lack thereof, does not change a fact. And truth is what corresponds to the facts. - Anselm, Truth, Freedom, and Evil; Three Philosophical Dialogues
It is also objected that knowledge of truth is not absolute, since we grow in truth. What is true today may be false tomorrow. The progress of science is proof that truth is constantly changing. This objection fails to note that it is not the truth that is changing but our understanding of it. When science truly progresses, it does not move from an old truth to a new truth, but from error to truth. - Augustine, Against the Academics
Non-Christians often claim that Christians are narrow-minded, because they claim that Christianity is true and all non-Christian systems are false. However, the same is true of non-Christians who claim that what they view as truth is true, and all opposing beliefs are false. That is equally narrow. The fact of the matter is that if C (Christianity) is true, then it follows that all non-C is false. Likewise, if H (say, Humanism) is true, then all non-H is false. Both views are equally narrow. That's the way truth is. Each truth claim excludes contradictory truth claims. Christianity is no more narrow than is any other set of beliefs, whether atheism, agnosticism, skepticism, or pantheism - Norman L. Geisler and Winfried Corduan, Philosophy of Religion
Truth, by nature, is:
- Non-contradictory – it does not violate the basic laws of logic.
- Absolute – it does not depend upon any time, place or conditions.
- Discovered – it exists independently of our minds; we do not create it.
- Descriptive – it is the agreement of the mind with reality (coherence).
- Inescapable – to deny its existence is to affirm it.
- Unchanging – never improves or changes.
The best possible definition for truth can be stated as such: Truth is that which is consistent with the mind of God.
Articles
The Truth About Truth Frank Terek
Can Something Be True For You and Not For Me Paul Copans
How do We Know Epistemology Apologetics Resource Center